Open Access Journal Article

Migration and Remittances: A network analysis

by Thi Hong Hanh Pham a,* orcid
a
LEMNA and IAE Nantes - Economics & Management, Nantes University, Nantes, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
JEA  2023, 23; 2(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.58567/jea02020002
Received: 9 February 2023 / Accepted: 29 March 2023 / Published Online: 31 March 2023
View Full-Text
Download PDF

Abstract

Applying the network analysis’ tools and a large dataset over 2000-2017, this paper provides insights to the patterns and structure of global and regional migration and remittances as well as the connection between these two phenomena inside a complex network. We reveal that even though the structure of migration and remittance networks is slightly altering, the major changes have only occurred in the intensive margin of the networks. In addition, there is a deepening intra-regional trend regarding the structure of migration communities. By contrast, we observe an instability in the structure of migration and remittance communities formed around the U.S.

Keywords: Migration; Remittances; Network analysis; Intra-regional connection;
Copyright: © 2023 by Hanh Pham. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Show Figures

Share and Cite

ACS Style
Hanh Pham, T. H. Migration and Remittances: A network analysis. Journal of Economic Analysis, 2023, 2, 23. https://doi.org/10.58567/jea02020002
AMA Style
Hanh Pham T H. Migration and Remittances: A network analysis. Journal of Economic Analysis; 2023, 2(2):23. https://doi.org/10.58567/jea02020002
Chicago/Turabian Style
Hanh Pham, Thi H. 2023. "Migration and Remittances: A network analysis" Journal of Economic Analysis 2, no.2:23. https://doi.org/10.58567/jea02020002
APA style
Hanh Pham, T. H. (2023). Migration and Remittances: A network analysis. Journal of Economic Analysis, 2(2), 23. https://doi.org/10.58567/jea02020002

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

References

  1. Aleshkovski, I., and Iontsev, V., (2016). International migration, globalization, and development in Globalistics and globalization studies: Global transformations and global future edited by Grinin, L.E., Ilyin, I.V., Herrmann, P., and Korotayev, A.V.: Uchitel Publishing House Volgograd.
  2. Aleskerov F., Meshcheryakova N., Rezyapova A., and Shvydun S., (2017). Network Analysis of International Migration In: Kalyagin V., Nikolaev A., Pardalos P., Prokopyev O. (eds) Models, Algorithms, and Technologies for Network Analysis. NET 2016. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics, vol 197. Springer, Cham.
  3. Bijak, J., (2006). Forecasting international migration: Selected theories, models, and methods, CEFMR Working Paper, ISSN 1732-0631, Central European Forum for Migration Research.
  4. Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J-L., Lambiotte, R., and Lefebvre, E., (2008). Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks, Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment, P10008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/P10008
  5. Calvó-Armengol, A., and Zenou, Y., (2004). Social networks and crime decisions: The role of social structure in facilitating delinquent behavior, International Economic Review, 45, pp. 939–958. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00292.x
  6. Calvó-Armengol, A., and Zenou, Y., (2005). Job matching, social network and word-of-mouth communication, Journal of Urban Economics, 57, pp. 500–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2005.01.001
  7. Calvó-Armengol, A., Patacchini, E., and Zenou, Y., (2009). Peer effects and social networks in education, The Review of Economic Studies, 76, pp. 1239–1267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2009.00550.x
  8. Charyyev, B., and Gunes, M.H., (2019). Complex network of United States migration, Computational Social Network, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40649-019-0061-6
  9. Cohen, L., Frazzini, A., and Malloy, C., (2008). The small world of investing: Board connections and mutual fund returns, Journal of Political Economy, 116, pp. 951–979. https://doi.org/10.1086/592415
  10. De Haas, H., (2010). Migration and development: A theoretical perspective, International migration review, 44(1), pp. 227-264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00804.x
  11. De, S., Murata, A., Ozaki, M., Patti, J.P., Plaza, S., Ratha, D., Sioson, E.P., Yi, S., Yousefi, S.R., (2018). Migration, remittances for development in Asia, Copublication of the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank.
  12. Dimova, R., and Wolff, F. C., (2015). Remittances and chain migration: Longitudinal evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Journal of Development Studies, 51(5), pp. 554-568. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.984898
  13. Docquier, F., Rapoport, H., and Salomone, S., (2012). Remittances, migrants’ education and immigration policy: Theory and evidence from bilateral data, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 42, pp. 817-828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2011.10.005
  14. Fafchamps, M., and Lund, S., (2003). Risk-sharing networks in rural Philippines, Journal of Development Economics, 71, pp. 261–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(03)00029-4
  15. Faist, T. (2000). The volume and dynamics of international migration and transnational social spaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198293910.001.0001
  16. Fracassi, C., and Tate, G., (2012). External networking and internal firm governance, The Journal of Finance, 67, pp. 153–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01706.x
  17. Gheasi, M., and Nijkamp, P., (2017). A Brief Overview of International Migration Motives and Impacts, with Specific Reference to FDI, Economies, 5(3), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies5030031
  18. Goldade, T., Charyyev, B., and Gunes, M.H., (2018). Network Analysis of Migration Patterns in the United States In: Cherifi C., Cherifi H., Karsai M., Musolesi M. (eds) Complex Networks & Their Applications VI. Complex Networks 2017. Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol 689. Springer, Cham.
  19. Grigoryan, A., and Khachatryan, K., (2018). Remittances and Emigration Intentions: Evidence from Armenia, International Migration. 60(6), 198-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12980
  20. Hagen-Zanker, J., (2008). Why do people migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature, Maastrcht Graduate School of Governance Working Paper, No. 2008/WP002.
  21. Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K., and Faist, T., (1997). International Migration Immobility and Development: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  22. Harris, R., and Todaro, M., (1970). Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two Sector Analysis, American Economic Review, 60, pp. 126-142.
  23. Hatton T.J., and Williamson, J.G., (2005). What Fundamentals Drive World Migration? In: Borjas G.J., and Crisp J. (eds) Poverty, International Migration and Asylum. Studies in Development Economics and Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  24. Hvide, H. K., and Östberg, P., (2015). Social interaction at work, Journal of Financial Economics, 117, pp. 628–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.06.004
  25. Katz. E. and Stark, O., (1986). Labor Migration and Risk Aversion in Less Developed Countries, Journal of Labor Economics, 4, pp.131-149. https://doi.org/10.1086/298097
  26. Lee, J., Jørgen, I., and Orrenius, P., (2014). The International Migration Review at 50: Reflecting on Half a Century of International Migration Research and Looking Ahead, International Migration Review, 48(1), pp. 3–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/imre.12144
  27. Leeves, G., (2009). Migration Plans and Received Remittances: Evidence from Fiji and Tonga, International Migration Review, 43(1), pp. 160 – 177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0197-9183.2008.01151.x
  28. Lewis, W. A., (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labor, The Manchester School, 28(2), pp. 139–191.
  29. Massey, D. S., (1988). Economic development and international migration in comparative perspective, The Population and Development Review, 14(3), pp. 383-413.
  30. Massey, D.S., Arango, J., Graeme, H., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., and Taylor, J.E., (1993). Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal, 19(3), Population and Development Review, pp. 431-466. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938462
  31. Özden, C., Parsons, C.R., Schiff, M., and Walmsley, T.L., (2011). Where on Earth is Everybody? The Evolution of Global Bilateral Migration 1960–2000, World Bank Economic Review, 25, pp. 12–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr024
  32. Page, J., and Plaza, S., (2006). Migration remittances and Development: A review of global evidence, Journal of African Economies, 15(2), pp. 245-336. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejl035
  33. Peres, M., Xu, H., and Wu, G., (2016). Community Evolution in International Migration Top 1 Networks, PLoS ONE 11(2): e0148615. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148615
  34. Piracha, M., and Saraogi, A., (2016). Remittances and migration intentions of the left-behind, Migration and Development, 6(1), pp. 102-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/21632324.2015.1129691
  35. Poot, J., Omoniyi, A., Cameron, M.P., and Maré, D.C., (2016). The Gravity Model of Migration: The Successful Comeback of an Ageing Superstar in Regional Science, IZA Document Paper, No. 10329.
  36. Porat, I., and Benguigui, L., (2015). World Migration Degree Global migration lows in directed networks, ArXiv, abs/1511.05338.
  37. Stark, O., (1991). The Migration of Labor. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.
  38. Stark, O., (1999). Altruism and Beyond, An Economic Analysis of Transfers and Exchanges Within Families and Groups. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  39. Stark, O., and Bloom, D.E., (1985). The New Economics of Labor Migration, American Economic Review, 75, pp.173-178. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1805591
  40. Stark, O., and Levhari, D., (1982). On migration and risk in LDCs, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 31(1), pp. 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1086/451312
  41. Stark, O., and Wang, Y.Q., (2002). Migration dynamics, Economic Letters, 76, pp. 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00042-3
  42. Stark, Oded. (1984). Migration Decision Making: A Review Article, Journal of Development Economics, 14, pp. 251-259.
  43. Taylor, J.E., (1986). Differential Migration, Networks, Information and Risk in Oded Stark (ed.), Research in Human Capital and Development, Vol.4, Migration, Human Capital and Development. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press, pp. 147-171.
  44. Todaro, M., (1969). A Model of Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries, American Economic Review, 59, pp. 138-148. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1811100
  45. Todaro, M., (1970). Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment: Reply, American Economic Review, 60, pp. 187-188.
  46. Todaro, M., (1976). Urban Job Expansion, Induce Migration and Rising Unemployment. A Formulation and Simplified Empirical Test for LDC’s, Journal of Development Economic, 3, pp. 165-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(76)90049-3
  47. Van Dalen, H.P., Groenewold, G., and Fokkema, T., (2005). The effect of remittances on emigration intentions in Egypt, Morocco, and Turkey, Population Studies, 59(3), pp. 375-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324720500249448
  48. Yang, B., Liu, D., and Liu, J., (2010). Discovering communities from social networks: methodologies and applications. In Handbook of social network technologies and applications (pp. 331-346): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7142-5_16