Open Access Journal Article

The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission

by Richard Umeokwobi a,* ,  John Owusu-Afriye b  and  John Abu a
a
Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
b
Research and Macroeconomic Management Department, West African Institute of Financial and Economic Management, Lagos, Nigeria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
CEF  2025 3(1):10; https://doi.org/10.58567/cef03010003
Received: 27 November 2024 / Accepted: 14 March 2025 / Published Online: 24 June 2025
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Abstract

This study seeks to investigate how climate change affects actual output in African countries, using greenhouse gas emission as a case study. This paper uses the actual output of Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, The Gambia, Cabo Verde, and Sierra Leone for the analysis. Climate change is proxied by greenhouse gas emission, which are extracted from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database, for the period, 1980 to 2022. Descriptive statistics, unit root, and panel System Generalized Method of Moments 1(SGMM1) are estimated, and the result shows that agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduces the output of the selected African Countries, while other greenhouse gases such as building and other sector’s greenhouse gas emission, energy industries greenhouse gas emissions, mineral industry greenhouse gas emission and road transport greenhouse gas emission increase output. For actual output to increase, the paper suggests policy remedies such as sustainable farming practices and adoption of climate-smart technologies.

Keywords: Climate change; Actual output; Greenhouse Gas; SGMM; Africa;
Copyright: © 2025 by Umeokwobi, Owusu-Afriye and Abu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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APA Style
Umeokwobi, R., Owusu-Afriye, J., & Abu, J. (2025). The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission. Climate Economics and Finance, 3(1), 10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003
ACS Style
Umeokwobi, R.; Owusu-Afriye, J.; Abu, J. The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission. Climate Economics and Finance, 2025, 3, 10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003
AMA Style
Umeokwobi R, Owusu-Afriye J, Abu J. The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission. Climate Economics and Finance; 2025, 3(1):10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003
Chicago/Turabian Style
Umeokwobi, Richard; Owusu-Afriye, John; Abu, John 2025. "The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission" Climate Economics and Finance 3, no.1:10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003

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ACS Style
Umeokwobi, R.; Owusu-Afriye, J.; Abu, J. The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission. Climate Economics and Finance, 2025, 3, 10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003
AMA Style
Umeokwobi R, Owusu-Afriye J, Abu J. The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission. Climate Economics and Finance; 2025, 3(1):10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003
Chicago/Turabian Style
Umeokwobi, Richard; Owusu-Afriye, John; Abu, John 2025. "The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission" Climate Economics and Finance 3, no.1:10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003
APA style
Umeokwobi, R., Owusu-Afriye, J., & Abu, J. (2025). The Impact of Climate Change on Actual Output in Some Selected Countries in Africa: A Specific Focus on Greenhouse Gas Emission. Climate Economics and Finance, 3(1), 10. doi:10.58567/cef03010003

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